The damage of ceramic plunger pump seals is usually the result of multiple factors working together, which are related to the material and installation maintenance of the seals themselves, as well as the operating conditions and equipment status. The specific reasons can be summarized into the following categories:

　　1、 Quality and material issues of the sealing components themselves

　　Improper material selection

　　The sealing material is incompatible with the conveying medium and hydraulic oil: for example, nitrile rubber seals will swell and fail when exposed to strong solvents such as gasoline and ketones; Ordinary rubber is prone to hardening or embrittlement in high temperature (>80 ℃) or low temperature (<-20 ℃) environments; Failure to use corrosion-resistant materials such as fluororubber during the transportation of acidic and alkaline media resulted in corrosion of the seals.

　　The quality of the material itself is poor: if the seals made of recycled rubber have insufficient anti-aging and wear resistance, they will crack and tear in a short time.

　　Manufacturing process defects

　　Insufficient dimensional accuracy of seals (such as cross-sectional diameter deviation and lip angle error) results in the inability to tightly fit with the plunger or sealing groove after installation, leading to uneven stress and accelerated wear.

　　Poor surface finish (with burrs and bubbles), easy to be scratched by the plunger during installation, or damaged by overheating due to increased friction during operation.

　　2、 Improper installation and maintenance operations

　　Damage during installation process

　　Failure to lubricate the seals during installation (or using the wrong lubricant, such as lubricating fluororubber seals with engine oil) resulted in hard friction between the seals and the plunger, causing scratches on the lips.

　　There are impurities (such as iron filings, sand particles) or scratches on the surface of the plunger, which directly wear down the sealing components during installation; Uneven force during installation may cause the seal to twist or deform.

　　Excessive torque of the fastening bolt can cause the seal to "crush" (such as the O-ring being squeezed into the gap), or insufficient torque can result in a loose fit of the sealing surface, leading to leakage and erosion wear.

　　Unreasonable maintenance cycle

　　Failure to regularly replace seals according to operating conditions (such as using regular cycles when transporting media containing particles) resulted in excessive wear and failure of seals.

　　During disassembly and maintenance, the related components (such as guide sleeve wear and plunger bending) were not checked synchronously, and only the seals were replaced without solving the fundamental problem. The new seals were quickly damaged again.

　　3、 Operating conditions and medium influence

　　Damage caused by the characteristics of the medium

　　The medium contains solid particles (such as slurry and sediment): The particles move back and forth with the plunger into the sealing surface, forming a "grinding effect" that rapidly wears down the lip of the seal (resulting in scratches and gaps).

　　Strong corrosiveness of the medium: Acid alkali solutions, organic solvents, etc. can corrode the sealing material, causing it to swell, harden, or break (such as fluororubber, although acid resistant, may also fail after long-term exposure to concentrated nitric acid).

　　Abnormal medium temperature: high temperature (such as>100 ℃) accelerates the aging of seals and the loss of elasticity; Low temperature causes material brittleness and is prone to cracking during reciprocating motion.

　　Excessive fluctuations in pressure and flow rate

　　The system pressure frequently exceeds the rated pressure of the seal, causing the seal to be "pressed open", resulting in a gap that is then eroded and worn by the medium (i.e. "pressure breakdown").

　　Sudden changes in flow rate (such as frequent start stop and sudden valve opening and closing) can cause water hammer effect, instantly impacting the seal and causing lip tearing or deformation.

　　4、 Equipment structure and wear issues

　　Core component wear or deviation

　　Ceramic plunger surface wear (such as dents, scratches) or coating detachment, leading to an increase in friction coefficient with the seal and accelerating seal wear.

　　The coaxiality deviation between the plunger and the pump body (such as installation inclination or pump shaft bending) causes excessive force on one side of the seal, resulting in uneven wear (thinning on one side and deformation on the other side).

　　Wear of guide sleeve: The guide sleeve is responsible for supporting the plunger. If its inner wall is worn, it will cause the plunger to shake during reciprocating motion, and the seal will be "unevenly worn".

　　Hydraulic system pollution

　　Impurities (such as metal debris and dust) are mixed into the hydraulic oil, which enters the sealing surface of the cylinder with the oil and wears down the sealing components; Or the oil may oxidize and deteriorate, producing sludge that blocks the lip of the seal and affects the sealing effect.

　　Abnormal viscosity of hydraulic oil (such as thinning due to high oil temperature) can lead to insufficient lubrication of seals and increased aging caused by frictional heating.

　　summarize

　　The core reasons for seal damage can be summarized as "mismatched materials, defective installation, operating conditions beyond the range, and equipment wear and tear". In practical applications, it is necessary to combine specific working conditions (such as medium, pressure, temperature) and equipment status for targeted prevention (such as selecting the right materials, optimizing installation, and regularly maintaining core components), in order to extend the life of seals.